Ductile iron is not a single material but part of a group of materials which can be produced with a wide range of properties through control of their microstructure. Low temperature impact strength of heavy section ductile. Iron castings are extensively used because of their high strength, ductility, shock as well as wear resistance properties and easy machinability. Students learn about iron and steel through discussions, demonstrations and suggested optional activities. The followings are the grade requirement to the chemical components and physical properties, and also grade comparison chart. For example, if youre using inkscape, after you openedit the svg file you can then save it back to svg with any changes you make, but can also save it to a different file. Net framework library for creating, editing and extrating data from pdf documents. Information which gives you physical properties of ductile iron, alternate materials and austempered ductile iron. Corrosive behavior of metals in aqueous solutions is mainly determined by dissolved pdf created with pdffactory pro trial version.
Analysis of tensile strength and hardness of is 5007. Spheroidal graphite sg irons with a variety of matrixstructure have been produced. They are grouped together in the middle to the lefthand side of the periodic table. Many materials can be cast, including several types of metals and synthetics, but iron and steel in particular feature excellent mechanical properties for. Ales hanus this study material has been created as a part of the development program called creation of electronic study material for the study programs of fmme in 2008 ostrava 2014. West yorkshire steel are suppliers of 5007 sg iron continuous cast bar available in diameters and a limited range of flat sections. During the last years the industrial use of ncis iron has been increasing and many investigations on the characterization and improvement of its mechanical properties have been developed2. Jun 27, 2018 hollow nife layered double hydroxides ldh polyhedrons have been designed and synthesized as a sulfur host for lis batteries. Pearlitic spheroidal graphite rolls have a thick layer of cast iron with nodular graphite, the name of such roll is based on the fact that the material consists of nodular graphite and carbides in a pearlitic matrix, the softest grades have a pearlitic matrix containing ferrite around the graphite nodules, while the higher hardness grades have a complete pearlitic matrix. While most varieties of cast iron are weak in tension and brittle, ductile iron has much more impact and fatigue resistance, due to its nodular graphite inclusions. Sometimes referenced as a ductile iron bs2789 grade 5007 is a spheroidal graphite iron that. Because of the excellent properties obtainable with these lowcost engineering materials, cast iron finds wide application in environments that demand good corrosion resistance including water, storm and sanitary drain, waste and vent applications. To discuss your requirements, call a member of novacasts team on. Sg iron is also known as ductile cast iron, nodular cast iron, spheroidal graphite iron and spherulitic cast iron.
Sep 03, 2014 the highlighted elements are considered the metal elements. The youngest but most successful member of a truly ancient family, ductile iron has suffered from an abundance of myths and a lack. The effect of copper addition on the mechanical and wear. Metallurgy of cast irons outoffurnace processing of molten cast iron study support doc. The manufacture and process control of ascast ductile iron are discussed. This concept is also frequently used in other natural sciences such as chemistry and materials science. When molten, cast iron solidifies some of the carbon precipitates as graphite, forming tiny, irregular flakes within the and cry stal structure of the metal 2. Iron ores are refined in blast furnaces to produce pig iron which contains about 4% carbon and small amounts of manganese, silicon, phosphorus and sulphur. On the microstructure and mechanical properties of automotive parts.
Cast iron is used for making manhole covers, piping and guttering. The astm has five standards covering ductile iron castings. Bs2789 grade 40015 sg iron bs2789 grade 40015 sg iron stockholders and suppliers, delivering to the whole of the uk. Now select the adobe pdf printer or your postscript printer driver and click on the properties button. Mechanical properties of sgiron with different matrix structure article pdf available in journal of materials science 365. The metals share several common properties, including. West yorkshire steel are suppliers of continuously cast bar, available in diameters and a limited range of flat sections. Of austempered ductile iron castings submitted by mr. All bsi british standards available online in electronic and print formats. Pdf spheroidal graphite sg irons with a variety of matrixstructure have been produced. The correlation between tensile properties, impact toughness, hardness and pearlite content is investigated. St1 is a ductile iron with graphite type i and ii, in a ferriticpearlite matrix obtained through ascast or by heat treatment.
Effect of magnesium and calcium as spheroidizers on the. Density is a physical quantity with the symbol we usually use density to describe the mass of a substance at a unit volume. Factors that affect the properties of ductile iron10. S g iron rolls, spheroidal graphite iron rolls, acicular. Engineering properties of soils based on laboratory testing prof. Sg iron is a type of cast iron that has been treated while molten with an element such as magnesium or cerium to induce the formation of free graphite as nodules or spherulites. Now go to the layout tab and click on the advanced button. Steel is an alloy or iron, and cast iron is a hard grey metal. Bs2789 grade 5007 sg iron bs2789 grade 5007 s g iron stockholders and suppliers, delivering to the whole of the uk. Silver is similar in its physical and chemical properties to its two vertical neighbours in group 11 of the periodic table, copper and gold. The other standards cover austenitic and special ductile iron applications. Cast iron is cheaper than steel, and has a low melting point with the ability to mold easily.
It has comparatively high tensile strength, and good abrasive resista nce. There are many different sg iron grades in different countries and standards, however, most of grades have similar requirements to the mechanical properties, especially to tensile strength, yield strength and elongation. Ductile iron is known for its ductility and toughness after special magnesium, cerium, lanthanum treatment. The title describes both the contents and the objective of this book. Ductile iron, as the name implies, has high ductility with resulting high impact strength for shock load applications. Elwakil1,4 abstract waterworks fittings and accessories are important applications for.
Engjs45010, astm a536 654512, ductile iron, sg iron chemical composition, mechanical and physical properties engjs45010 astm a536 654512 is an excellent ductile iron sg iron material grade. The change in graphite morphology from the flake graphite fg in the base iron to the cg in the final iron is achieved by liquid treatment with different minor elements. Sometimes referenced as a ductile iron bs2789 grade 6003 is a spheroidal graphite iron that offers better. It may be considered as a natural composite in which the spheroidal graphite imparts unique properties to ductile iron. Low temperature impact strength of heavy section ductile iron. Ductile iron, also known as ductile cast iron, nodular cast iron, spheroidal graphite iron, spheroidal graphite cast iron and sg iron, is a type of graphiterich cast iron discovered in 1943 by keith millis.
Astm a536 1007003, engjs7002, ggg70, ductile iron, sg. It is a comprehensive summary of data describing the engineering properties of ductile iron. The main characteristic of the ductile iron grades is a spheroidal shaped graphite structure that emphasises the strength, machinability and wear resistance. Crosscoupling reaction using transition metal catalysts cc. Ductile cast iron behaves elastically over a considerable stress range in both tension and compression.
Difference between steel and cast iron difference between. Sg iron grades dandong foundry gray iron, ductile iron. Ductile cast irons are heat treated to create matrix microstructures and associated mechanical properties not readily obtained in the ascast condition. Abstractaustempered ductile iron adi is replacing steel and it is finding applications in agriculture, mining construction and automotive sector due to its superior mechanical properties and costeffectiveness in manufacturing. Weldability of spheroidal graphite ductile cast iron using. The main characteristic of this material is the structure of the graphite. The application of the austempering process to ductile iron produces a material called austempered ductile iron adi that has a strengthtoweight ratio that exceeds that of aluminum. The relatively high strength and toughness of ductile iron give it an advantage over gray iron or malleable iron in many structural applications. The differences between the two are mainly based on the amount of silicon in the alloy. The new development of ductile iron production techniques, such as coredwire injection wirefeeding. In some applications, reference radiographs for steel castings may not be entirely applicable to ductile cast iron material dependent upon design or other usage criteria. The microstructure, properties and application of partial austenitization normalizing ductile iron and austempered ductile iron adi are brie. Specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of unit volume.
This grade of iron was developed over 60 years ago and in the usa. Metallography and microstructures of cast iron janina m. Recent development of ductile cast iron production technology. In ductile irons, graphite is in the form of nodules rather than flakes as in grey iron. The apparent variation in the properties with the pearlite level reveals the remarkable.
Sometimes referenced as a ductile iron bs2789 grade 40015 is a spheroidal graphite iron that. National institute of technology rourkela this is to certify that the thesis entitled, characterization of sg iron submitted by vikash kumar jha 2mm1468 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the. In this document, the reported mechanical properties did not include charpy impact strength. Note the dimensions and draw the shape of the specimen. As the name ductile iron suggests this grade of cast iron has a degree of ductility. It has comparat strength, high elongation, and good impact resistance. The outstanding properties of ductile iron are due to a nodular or spheroidal form of precipitated graphite in the microstructure. Crosscoupling reactions using late transition metal catalysts represented by nickel and palladium metals have been widely used for introducing various functional groups into unsaturated substances such as aromatic rings, alkenes, alkynes and so on. Ductile iron pipes ductile iron pipes shall be centrifugally cast in accordance with the european standard en 545.
Our warranties and liabilities are stated exclusively in our terms of trading. Radzikowska, the foundry research institute, krako. While the graphite enhances the desirable properties of cast iron, the flakes dis. Pdf mechanical properties of sgiron with different matrix structure. Abstract weldability of spheroidal graphite ductile cast iron was established using a cheap nife and a high purity ni electrode. Cg irons have strength properties close to those of spheroidal graphite sg irons, at considerably higher elongations than those of fg iron, and with intermediate thermal. A density table is a table that displays the density of a substance in the form of a table. Ductile iron foundary practice linkedin slideshare. Standard reference radiographs for ductile iron castings. Ductile iron data for design engineers revised edition. Examples of the use of ncis are automotive parts such as camshafts, crankshafts, water pump housings, valves and steering articulations3,4. Continental steel pte ltd is a cidb registered supplier in the l5 category for all structural steel the company apart from being the supplier of a comprehensive range of quality steel sections, continental steel aims to extend its commitment to customers by enhancing its services and adding new facilities.
Casting offers exceptional capacity for design detail, often eliminating the need for additional fabrication and assembly. The correlation between tensile properties, impact. G irons to be used for numerous industrial applications. Previous works 1, 2 on ductile cast iron showed that the main factors affecting the mechanical properties are metallurgical structures. The common defining characteristic of this group of materials is the shape of the graphite. This is where you would set your output page size, but more importantly this is also where. Engjs45010, astm a536 654512, ductile iron, sg iron. Mechanical properties of sgiron with different matrix structure. Materials sg ductile iron founders, pattern makers. Astm a395 604018 ductile iron chemical composition, physical and hardness requirements. Engjs6003 can be hardened by conventional methods, to rc 50 on the bar surface. The correlation between tensile properties, impact toughness, hardnes. If you have a larger svg file, any software programs mentioned above in the how to open an svg file section should be able to saveexport the svg file to a new format, too. The pure ni electrode showed graphite diffusion in the bead with a.
Carbon forms spheroidal particles instead of sheets. Its 47 electrons are arranged in the configuration kr4d 10 5s 1, similarly to copper ar3d 10 4s 1 and gold xe4f 14 5d 10 6s 1. Steel is mild and harder to cast, and loses viscosity. Ductile irons are therefore a family of alloys, which combine the principle advantages of gray iron low melting point, good fluidity and castability. Centrifugally cast pipes shall be subjected to a work hydrostatic test for duration of at least 10 seconds at a minimum pressure given in en 545. The exact application and usage of discontinuity classifications contained within steel casting reference radiographs must, however, give consideration to the differences in. Effect of copper on austempering behavior of ductile iron core. The metals consist of the alkali metals, alkaline earths, transition metals, lanthanides, and actinides. Astm a 536 is the most frequently used, covering the general engineering grades of ductile iron. Iron castings of various shapes and sizes having weight between 50 gm. The matrix structure then has the greatest effect on the properties of the iron. Effect of graphite nodularity on mechanical properties of. For the benefit ofthe purchaser, typical properties of grey cast iron have been added in annex c. Cast iron is an iron alloy characterized by its relatively high carbon content usually 2 % to 4%.
This article provides a detailed account of the general characteristics of ductile irons. Therefore, sg cast iron has completely same grades and all mechanical and chemical properties as ductile iron. Spheroidal graphite cast iron grades, properties, composition, microstructure, density and castings. Mechanical and microstructural characterization of nodular. Torsion test on mild steel and cast iron specimens with data. Sg iron is also called as spheroidal graphite cast iron, in usa, they are also called as ductile iron. Previous works 1, 2 on ductile cast iron showed that the main factors affecting. Metallurgy of cast irons outoffurnace processing of. This lab is performed to determine the specific gravity of soil by using a pycnometer. This material has the ultimate tensile strength and yield. In this study is5007 grade ductile iron castings were made. Note effective length, total length, dia meter etc.
Cast iron simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Mechanical and structural properties of ductile cast iron. Heat treating and properties of ductile iron heat treating. Effect of graphite nodularity on mechanical properties of ductile iron for waterworks fittings and accessories a.
Cast iron can be cast into intricate shapes because of its excellent fluidity. The pearlite content is varied from 0 to about 95 per cent by the use of different heat treatment processes. Recent development of ductile cast iron production. West yorkshire steel are suppliers of 6003 sg iron bar, available in diameters and a limited range of flat sections. Nickeliron layered double hydroxide hollow polyhedrons as a. The present project profile envisages the production of s. Tensile strength yield strength elongation typical mechanical properties 420 mpa min. Also available as a downloadable pdf file from the downloads page. The astm has issued in 1990 a new specification defining the properties of austempered ductile iron. Cast iron, an alloy of iron fe and carbon c, has gained popularity in the market because of its low cost. Astm a536 1007003, engjs7002, ggg70, ductile iron, sg iron chemical composition, mechanical and physical properties astm a536 1007003 engjs7002, ggg70 is a type of high tensile strength ductile cast iron sg cast iron, n material grade.
Mechanical properties of sgiron with different matrix. Some of the properties of iron are that it is malleable, which means it can be hammered into thin sheets, and ductile, which means it can be pulled into lengths of wire without snapping. Properties of iron iron is an abundant element in the universe group viii of the periodic table and is the fourth. Krishna reddy, uic experiment 4 specific gravity determination purpose. Bs2789 grade 6003 sg iron bs2789 grade 6003 sg iron stockholders and suppliers, delivering to the whole of the uk. So, this cast iron grade has v ery wide application. At elevated temperature, due to better resistance towards oxidation, ductile iron.
Information to be supplied by the purchaser while ordering grey iron castings according to this specification is given in annex d. Pdf mechanical properties of sgiron with different. Density table of metals and alloys iron, steel, brass, aluminum. The nife ldh host restricts the dissolution of polysulfides. On the surface, cast iron and cast steel castings look very similar. Arpanet filetype pdf darpa, the defense advanced research projects agency, was founded early in by the internet initially known as arpanetstealth aircraft, miniaturized gps technologies, unmanned aerial vehicles, flatscreen displays, and the braincomputer interface work that arpanet filetype pdf this file contains additional information such as exif metadata which may have been added by the. Aug 31, 2016 austempered ductile iron adi austempered ductile iron adi is a ferrous, cast material with a high strengthto weight ratio and good dynamic properties.
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